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Project report for railway security monotorin system. 1. 1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Railway is lifeline of India and it is being the cheapest modes of transportation are preferred over all other means of transportation. When we go through the daily newspapers we come across many accidents in railroad railings. Railroad-related accidents are more dangerous than other transportation accidents in terms of severity and death rate etc. Therefore more efforts are necessary for improving safety.
Collisions with train are generally catastrophic, in that the destructive forces of a train usually no match for any other type of vehicle. Train collisions form a major catastrophe, as they cause severe damage to life and property. Train collisions occur frequently eluding all the latest technology. 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND Railway safety is a crucial aspect of rail operation the world over. Malfunctions resulting in accidents usually get wide media coverage even when the railway is not at fault and give to rail transport, among the uninformed public, an undeserved image of inefficiency often fueling calls for immediate Fig1.1: Causalities in Train Accidents during 1995-96 to 2006-07. 2 reforms.
This paper is aimed at helping the railway administrations concerned to strengthen their safety culture and develop the monitoring tools required by modern safety management. Railroad intersections are very unique, special, potentially dangerous and yet unavoidable in the World. Here two different entities with entirely different responsibilities, domains, performances come together and converge for a single cause of providing a facility to the road user. During the normal operation also, there is every possibility of accidents occurring even with very little negligence in procedure and the result is of very high risk. The potential for accidents is made higher as the railways control only half the problem. The other half, meanwhile, cannot really be said to be controlled by one entity, as even though traffic rules and road design standards supposedly exist, the movements of road users are not organized and monitored by one specific entity as rigidly as rail movements. The railway systems of Asia and the Pacific are no exception to this.
Railway Track Crack Detection System
Each year, accidents at level crossings not only cause fatalities or serious injuries to many thousands of road users and railway passengers, but also impose a heavy financial burden in terms of disruptions of railway and road services and damages to railway and road vehicles and property. A very high number of these collisions are caused by the negligence, incompetence or incapacity of road vehicle drivers, who by and large operate their vehicles in environments in which safety consciousness is practically non-existent. Since it is the railway which must bear the responsibility for ensuring that it is protected from the transgressions by road users (despite the fact that in many countries the law gives it priority of passage over road users), it is the railway which also has to shoulder most of the financial burden of providing this protection. Similarly, it is the railway, which has most of the responsibility for educating road users on the safe use of its level crossings. Notwithstanding this, it appears that in many regions, railways.
Robust Railway Track Crack Detection using MEMS Technology Archana P. J Helan Bivera. This project also aims to. This system of railway track crack detection system is compact and gives accurate measurements compared to manual detection. The main problem about a railway analysis is detection of cracks in the structure. This project proposes a cost effective solution to the problem of railway track crack detection utilizing RF control assembly which tracks the exact location of faulty track which then mended. A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management.
3 are ill-equipped to be in a position to monitor level crossing safety effectively and to take both corrective and pro-active measures to improve the safety of their level crossing installations. In the rapidly flourishing country like ours, even though all the latest technologies are there train collisions are occurring frequently.
The railway accidents are happening due to the carelessness in manual operations or lack of workers. The other main reasons for the collisions of Train are: 1.Train Derailment in curves and bends,2.Running Train collisions with the Standing Train,3.Train Accidents in Slopes,4.Mis- signaling due to fog or Mist.
Railway Track Crack Detection System Project Report Pdf
There is no fruitful steps have been taken so far in these areas. This paper deals about one of the efficient methods to avoid train Collision and derailment. Also by using simple electronic components we tried to automate the control of railway gate in an embedded platform.
The system has been implemented and demonstrated by using vibration sensor and ZigBee with the help of microcontroller. 1.2 SCOPE: To. Review the present status of level-crossing accidents and train collisions. Present statistics, indicators, technology and problems relating to the systems adopted for railway protection; in practice. Analyze various alternative systems for train collision avoidance; and. Make recommendations pertaining to the selection of cost-effective protection systems.
1.3 METHODOLOGY: The following analyses are considered:. 4. Evaluation of the requirements of a Safety Management Information System which adequately addresses the needs of railway management for information on train collision avoidance performance;. Review of the essential and effective safety, enhancements, measures and priorities for railway security.
Assessment of level crossing safety performance and safety measures. Examination of Cost Benefit Analysis of investments on level crossing safety enhancement;. Review of the technical attributes and suitability of Networked Anti Collision System (ACD) for level crossing protection system;. 6. Recommendations and guidelines for adoption of networked ACD Systems by railways.
1.4 ORGANISATION OF THE REPORT In the following chapter we are going to discuss more about the literature review in chapter 2, the proposed system in chapter 3, results, discussion and conclusion of the system in chapter 4. At the end of the report the list of references and related appendices are attached. We start with the literature review about the railway security monitoring system and the existing system.
Then we discuss about the flow of the project and the important components of the project development in chapter 3.Finally we made the conclusion and future recommendations in chapter 4, follwed by the references and appendices. 5 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM The existing conventional signaling system most of the times relay on the oral communication through telephonic and telegraphic conversations as input for the decision making in track allocation for trains. There is large scope for miscommunication of the information or communication gap due to the higher human interference in the system. This miscommunication may lead to wrong allocation of the track for trains, which ultimately leads to the train collision.
The statistics in the developing countries showing that 80% of worst collisions occurred so far is due to either human error or incorrect decision making through miscommunication in signaling and its implementation. IR sensors are also used to identify the cracks in the railway. IR sensors have limitations due to the geographic nature of the tracks. The Anti collision device system also is found to be ineffective as it is not considering any active inputs from existing Railway signaling system, and also lacks two ways communication capability between the trains and the control centers or stations. Later geographical sensors have also been used which makes use of satellites for communication. But the system is costly and complicated to implement. At present laser proximity detector is used for collision avoidance, IR sensors identifies the cracks in the railway track and gate control is done by manual switch controlled gate.
But there is no combined solution for collision between trains, train derailment in curves and bends and the automatic control of railway gate. 6 2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM RAILWAY SECURITY MONITORING SYSTEM USING VIBRATION SENSOR AND ZIGBEE The proposed Train Anti Collision and Level Crossing Protection System consists of a self-acting microcontroller and two way ZigBee based data communication system which works round-the-clock to avert train collisions and accidents at the level crosses. Thus enhances safety in train operations by providing a NON-SIGNAL additional safety overlay over the existing signaling system. The system operates without replacing any of the existing signaling and nowhere affects the vital functioning of the present safety systems deployed for train operations. The proposed system gets data from the vibration sensor. The efficiency of the system is expected to be considerably increased as the proposed system takes inputs from the sensor and also from the level crossing gates. As more relevant data are included, it is expected that the present system may assist loco drivers in averting accidents efficiently.
As no change is necessary to be made to the infrastructure of the existing system, the cost of implementation of this system is also less. The system has been designed and simulated using proteus real time simulation software.
2.3 GENERAL FEATURES. Railway security and monitoring system mainly focus (i) Train collision avoidance (ii) Derailment in curves and bends (iii) Railway gate control. This system uses PIC 16F877A microcontroller, PIC 16F73 microcontroller, mini sense 100(v) vibration sensor, zig-bee transceiver, and servo motor. PIC 16F877A is an 8 bit microcontroller with 10 channel ADC.
7. The vibration sensor is used to sense the vibration of the train.
Servo motor is used for the gate control. Zig-Bee transceiver provides the communication between the base station and the train side.
Lithium ion battery is used for giving power to the components. Regulator IC (LM 7805) used for providing constant 5v supply. Transistor Tip 122 is used for switching applications.
2.4 BLOCK DIAGRAM In our project the entire system can be classified into two systems. The first system can be placed in the base station side and the second system can be placed in the train side. The system in the base station consists, Micro controller (PIC 16f877a), Vibration sensor, Servo motor, zig-bee transceiver and necessary power supply conditions. The system in the train side consists, Micro controller (PIC 16f73), zig-bee transceiver, Brake control system and necessary power supply conditions.